{"id":9423,"date":"2022-10-12T10:59:15","date_gmt":"2022-10-12T08:59:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.npkrka.hr\/?p=9423"},"modified":"2025-12-02T13:01:30","modified_gmt":"2025-12-02T12:01:30","slug":"istrazivanje-rasprostranjenosti-i-stanja-populacija-ciljanih-vrsta-slatkovodnih-riba-u-np-krka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/npkrka.hr\/hr\/2022\/10\/12\/istrazivanje-rasprostranjenosti-i-stanja-populacija-ciljanih-vrsta-slatkovodnih-riba-u-np-krka\/","title":{"rendered":"Istra\u017eivanje rasprostranjenosti i stanja populacija ciljanih vrsta slatkovodnih riba u NP \u201eKrka\u201c"},"content":{"rendered":"

[hr]Tijekom 2021. i 2022. godine Prirodoslovno-matemati\u010dki fakultet Sveu\u010dili\u0161ta u Zagrebu proveo je istra\u017eivanje rasprostranjenosti i stanja populacija ciljanih vrsta slatkovodnih riba u NP \u201eKrka\u201c. Voditelj istra\u017eivanja bio je prof. dr. sc. Davor Zanella.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Istra\u017eivanja je provedeno s ciljem prikupljanja dodatnih odnosno novih podataka o zajednici slatkovodnih riba s obzirom na stani\u0161ta i rasprostranjenost ciljanih vrsta, na temelju kojih \u0107e se izraditi osnova za zoniranje podru\u010dja Ekolo\u0161ke mre\u017ee Natura 2000. Rezultati istra\u017eivanja poslu\u017eit \u0107e za dono\u0161enje specifi\u010dnih mjera za o\u010duvanje ciljanih vrsta i odre\u0111ivanje indikatora uspje\u0161nosti implementacije tih mjera.<\/p>\n

Rijeka Krka spada u vodotoke jadranskog slijeva s najve\u0107im brojem zabilje\u017eenih slatkovodnih vrsta, te se po njihovoj brojnosti nalazi uz bok ve\u0107im rijekama, kao \u0161to su Neretva i Cetina. Zbog velikog broja zabilje\u017eenih vrsta, Krka je jedno od najzanimljivijih ihtiolo\u0161kih podru\u010dja Hrvatske, ali i Europe. Unato\u010d brojnim istra\u017eivanjima, granica slijeva Krke samo je djelomi\u010dno rije\u0161ena zato \u0161to \u010ditav slijev le\u017ei na podru\u010dju kr\u0161a, pa se granice podzemnih vodotoka ne mogu u potpunosti sagledati. Programom istra\u017eivanja rasprostranjenosti i stanja populacija ciljnih vrsta slatkovodnih riba NP \u201eKrka\u201c predvi\u0111eno je istra\u017eivanje slatkovodne ihtiofaune rijeke Krke i njezinih pritoka unutar granica NP \u201eKrka\u201c na podru\u010dju \u0160ibensko-kninske \u017eupanije. Uzorkovanje rijeke Krke i njezinih pritoka provedeno je kako bi na svakoj postaji skupljeni uzorak bio reprezentativan odnosno realan pokazatelj zajednice riba. Tijekom \u0161esnaest dana u 2021. i 2022. godini obavljeno je osam terenskih istra\u017eivanja, prilikom kojih je provedeno uzorkovanje ihtiofaune. U istra\u017eivanju ihtiofaune primijenjeni su standardni postupak elektroribolova s obale ili iz \u010damca (aktivna metoda) i uzorkovanje u jezerima s pomo\u0107u standardiziranih jednostrukih najlonskih mre\u017ea \u201enordijskog tipa\u201c (pasivna metoda). Kao dopunske metode kori\u0161tene su i metode udi\u010darenja i postavljanja vr\u0161a. U istra\u017eivanjima su zabilje\u017eene ukupno dvadeset \u010detiri vrste riba s 12 279 jedinki raspore\u0111enih u \u0161esnaest porodica. Od ukupnog broja zabilje\u017eenih vrsta \u0161est je strano: crni somi\u0107, babu\u0161ka, gambuzija, sun\u010danica, bezribica i amur. Osam vrsta su zavi\u010dajne endemske vrste: o\u0161trulja, mren, visova\u010dki glavo\u010di\u0107, dalmatinska pijurica, drlja, ilirski klen i Turskijev klen. U ukupnom ulovu brojno\u0161\u0107u dominiraju gambuzija (43,7 %), bezribica (24,1 %), drlja (15,4 %) i sun\u010danica (6,4 %), dok su sve ostale vrste u ukupnoj brojnosti zastupljene s manje od 5 %. Tako\u0111er, tijekom provedenog istra\u017eivanja najve\u0107i broj jedinki zabilje\u017een je, o\u010dekivano, u rijeci Krki (9 253 jedinki ili 75,4 %), zatim na Visova\u010dkom jezeru (1 690 jedinki ili 13,8 %) te na jezeru Torak (1 088 jedinki ili 8,9 %). U rijeci \u010cikoli i \u0160arenim jezerima zabilje\u017een je manji broj jedinki u odnosu na ukupan broj (230 ili 1,9 % i 18 ili 0,1 %). U \u010cikoli i Krki zabilje\u017eene su po dvije ciljane vrste za EU ekolo\u0161ku mre\u017eu Natura 2000: u \u010cikoli dalmatinska pijurica i o\u0161trulja, a u Krki visova\u010dki glavo\u010di\u0107 i mren. Kona\u010dno, broj zabilje\u017eenih zavi\u010dajnih vrsta ne\u0161to je ve\u0107i od broja stranih\/translociranih (prenesenih), ali je zato broj jedinki stranih\/translociranih vrsta na podru\u010dju rijeke Krke i njenih pritoka unutar i izvan granica NP \u201eKrka\u201c daleko ve\u0107i od broja zavi\u010dajnih vrsta.<\/p>\n

Pra\u0107enje stanja zajednica riba, zavi\u010dajnih i unesenih vrsta, nastavit \u0107e se kako bi se moglo pravovremeno reagirati na promjene stanja i restaurirati pogodna stani\u0161ta. Planirana su dodatna istra\u017eivanja klju\u010dnih i o\u010duvanih stani\u0161ta na rijeci Krki, kao i molekularna istra\u017eivanja okoli\u0161ne DNA (environmental<\/em> ili eDNA) radi utvr\u0111ivanja prisutnosti ciljanih vrsta i rijetkih endemskih i strogo za\u0161ti\u0107enih vrsta u razli\u010ditim stani\u0161tima i razli\u010ditim dijelovima porje\u010dja rijeke Krke.<\/p>\n

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[en]
\nResearch on the distribution and state of populations of target species of freshwater fish in Krka NP<\/strong>
\nDuring 2021 and 2022, the Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb conducted research on the distribution and state of the population of target species of freshwater fish in Krka National Park. The lead investigator was Professor Dr. Davor Zanella.<\/strong><\/p>\n

The research was conducted with the aim of collecting new and additional data on the populations of freshwater fish focusing the habitat and distribution of target species. These data will be used to draft the foundation for zoning areas of the Natura 2000 ecological network. The research results will serve in developing specific measures to conserve target species and determine indicators of success of the implementation of those measures.<\/p>\n

The Krka River is the watercourse of the Adriatic Basin with the highest number of freshwater fish species, and this diversity puts it side by side with much larger rivers, such as the Neretva or Cetina. Due to the large number of recorded species, the Krka is one of the most interesting ichthyological areas in Croatia, and also at the European scale. Despite numerous studies, the actual catchment area of the Krka River has only been partially mapped, since the entire watershed lies in the karst landscape and therefore the boundaries of underground watercourses are not fully known. The programme to research the distribution and state of populations of target species of freshwater fish in Krka National Park encompassed research of the freshwater ichthyofauna of the Krka River and its tributaries within the park boundaries in \u0160ibenik-Knin County. Sampling the Krka River and its tributaries was performed to obtain a sample sufficiently representative to give a realistic overview of the fish population at every station. Eight field surveys were conducted on 16 sampling days in 2021 and 2022 to sample the ichthyofauna. Standard electrofishing procedures were used in the survey from the banks or from a boat (active method) and sampling in the lakes was performed using standardised single-layer Nordic-type nylon nets (passive method). Additional methods included angling and setting traps. The survey recorded a total of 24 fish species, with 12,279 individuals belonging to 16 families. Of the total number of recorded fish species, six are alien species: black bullhead, gibel carp, Eastern mosquito fish, pumpkinseed, topmouth gudgeon and grass carp. Eight species recorded were native, endemic species: Dalmatian barbelgudgeon, barbel, Visovac goby, Dalmatian minnow, Dalmatian rudd, Illyrian chub and Turkskyi dace. In the total catch, the Eastern mosquito fish was most abundant (43.7%), followed by the topmouth gudgeon (24.1%), Dalmatian rudd (15.4%) and pumpkinseed (6.4%) while all other recorded species accounted for less than 5% of the total abundance. During the research, the largest number of fish were recorded, as expected, in the main course of the Krka River (9253 individuals or 75.4 %), the on Visovac Lake (1690 individuals or 13.8%) and on Torak Lake (1088 individuals or 8.9%). A smaller number of individuals was sampled in the \u010cikola River and \u0160areni Lakes in relation to the total number of fish (230 or 1.9% and 18 or 0.1%). Two target species for the EU Natura 2000 ecological network were found in the \u010cikola and Krka River: the Dalmatian minnow and Dalmatian barbelgudgeon in the \u010cikola River, and the Visovac goby and barbel in the Krka River. Finally, the number of recorded native species was somewhat higher than the number of alien and translocated species, though the number of individuals of alien and translocated species in the areas of the Krka River and its tributaries within and outside the boundaries of Krka National Park was far higher than the number of individuals of native species.<\/p>\n

Monitoring the state of the fish community, native and introduced fish will continue to enable timely reactions to changes in the state of populations, and to restore suitable habitats. Additional research is planned, including research of key habitats and preserved habitats on the Krka River, and molecular research of environmental DNA (eDNA) to determine the possible presence of target species and rare endemic and strictly protected species in different habitats and different parts of the Krka River catchment.<\/p>\n

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