\u00a0<\/em>U Nacionalnom parku \u201eKrka\u201c barska kornja\u010da ima idealne uvjete za \u017eivot. Najbrojnija je na podru\u010dju srednjeg i gornjeg toka rijeke Krke, osobito uz obale pokraj manastira Krka: rit podno Carigradske drage njezino je va\u017eno stani\u0161te. Zahvaljuju\u0107i smanjenju broja posjetitelja, uzrokovanog pandemijom bolesti COVID-19, barska kornja\u010da se nakon dugo godina vratila i na podru\u010dje Skradinskog buka. Mjera zabrane kupanja na Skradinskom buku dodatno je smanjila pritisak na vodeni ekosustav pa je ove godine zamije\u0107eno i polaganje jaja. Prirodna su stani\u0161ta barske kornja\u010de staja\u0107ice i sporoteku\u0107e slatke vode bogate vegetacijom, kao \u0161to su jezera s muljevitim dnom, lokve, rijeke, kanali, poplavne \u0161ume i bo\u010date vode. S obzirom da je hladnokrvna \u017eivotinja, odgovaraju joj mirna mjesta na kojima se mo\u017ee sun\u010dati, najvi\u0161e panjevi i stijene.<\/p>\n Barska kornja\u010da strogo je za\u0161ti\u0107ena svojta: \u0161tite ju Zakon o za\u0161titi prirode, Direktiva o za\u0161titi prirodnih stani\u0161ta i divljih biljnih i \u017eivotinjskih vrsta Europske unije (Direktiva o stani\u0161tima) i Konvencija o za\u0161titi europskih divljih vrsta i prirodnih stani\u0161ta (Bernska konvencija). Emys orbicularis<\/em> ciljna je vrsta ekolo\u0161ke mre\u017ee Natura 2000, podru\u010dja o\u010duvanja zna\u010dajnog za vrste i stani\u0161ne tipove HR2000918 Krka i okolni plato. Naziv Emys <\/em>potje\u010de od gr\u010dke rije\u010di \u201eemys\u201c (\u1f72\u03bc\u03cd\u03c2), \u0161to zna\u010di \u201eslatkovodna kornja\u010da\u201d.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Osim danju, barska kornja\u010da aktivna je i no\u0107u, kada lovi i pretra\u017euje okolinu, ali se nikad ne udaljava od vode. Hrani se prete\u017eito beskralje\u0161njacima, naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e kornja\u0161ima, pu\u017eevima, ra\u010di\u0107ima, gujavicama i punoglavcima, rje\u0111e vodozemcima i manjom ribom, a najmanje vodenim biljem. Ima tvrd oklop, spljo\u0161teniji nego kod kopnene kornja\u010de i malo \u0161iri na stra\u017enjoj strani. Kod populacija na Mediteranu oklop je dug petnaestak centimetara. Na prednjim nogama ima pet dobro vidljivih prstiju s kand\u017eama, a na stra\u017enjim \u010detiri, izme\u0111u kojih su pliva\u0107e ko\u017eice.<\/p>\n Mu\u017ejak i \u017eenka lako se mogu raspoznati, prije svega po veli\u010dini: \u017eenke su ve\u0107e od mu\u017ejaka. S rastom \u017eivotinje, rastu i plo\u010dice koje prekrivaju karapaks (gornji) i plastron (donji dio oklopa). One formiraju zone prirasta, s pomo\u0107u kojih se mo\u017ee odrediti, brojenjem prstenova, starost jedinke. Poput godova na drvetu, rastu u koncentri\u010dnim prstenovima \u0161ire\u0107i se iz jednog kuta. Rast uvelike ovisi o tome u kakvim klimatskim uvjetima kornja\u010da \u017eivi, pa je tako zimi ili za su\u0161nog perioda usporen. U sezoni nepovoljnoj za rast pojedini dijelovi prstenova suze se i potamne, a u povoljnoj se pro\u0161ire. Drugi \u010dinioci koji utje\u010du na brzinu rasta jesu spol, osobine stani\u0161ta, tip prehrane i dostupnost hrane.<\/p>\n Barska kornja\u010da za odlaganje jaja bira kopnene prostore s pjeskovitom podlogom, bogate potrebnom hranom i sigurne od predatora. Kod nje je prisutna tzv. temperaturno ovisna determinacija spola embrija: jaja inkubirana na temperaturi ispod 25 \u00b0C razvit \u0107e samo mu\u017ejake, a ona inkubirana iznad 30 \u00b0C samo \u017eenke. Omjer mu\u017ejaka i \u017eenki zbog razli\u010ditih uvjeta u prirodi tijekom dana i no\u0107i uglavnom bude 50:50. Barske kornja\u010de dose\u017eu spolnu zrelost od \u0161este do osme godine, kad narastu do duljine od oko 12,5 cm. Tad ih se smatra potpuno razvijenim odraslim jedinkama. Razvoj im je osjetljiv, a ovisi o ekolo\u0161kim, genetskim \u010dimbenicima, dostupnosti hrane i kvaliteti stani\u0161ta. Najstariji zapis o prisutnosti barske kornja\u010de u \u201eKerki\u201c kod \u201eScardone\u201c datira iz 1780. godine (u djelu Pietra Nutrizija Chrisogona Notizie per servire alla storia naturale della Dalmazia<\/em>).<\/p>\n [\/hr]<\/p>\n [en] In the Krka National Park, the European pond turtle has ideal living conditions, and it is most numerous in the middle and upper reaches of the river, particularly along the shores around the Krka monastery. The marsh at the foot of Carigradska draga is an exceptionally important habitat for the pond turtle. The reduction in the numerous of visitors, caused by the pandemic, has caused the pond turtle to return to the area of the Skradinski buk waterfall after many years. The swimming ban at Skradinski buk has further reduced pressure on the aquatic ecosystem, and this year egg laying was noted. The natural habitat of pond turtles is stagnant and slow-flowing freshwater rich in vegetation, such as at lakes with muddy bottoms, ponds, rivers, canals, floodplain woods, and brackish water. As a cold-blooded animal, it prefers a quiet spot where it can sunbathe, mostly on stumps and rocks.<\/p>\n The pond turtle is a strictly protected species under the Nature Protection Act, the European Union Directive on the Protection of Natural Habitats and Wild Fauna and Flora (Habitats Directive), and the Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (Bern Convention). Emys orbicularis<\/em> is a target species for the ecological network Natura 2000, a conservation area important for species and habitat types HR2000918 on the Krka River and the surrounding plateau. The name Emys<\/em> comes from the Greek word emys<\/em>, which means “freshwater turtle”.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n In addition to the daytime, the pond turtle is also active at night, when it hunts and explores the surroundings, but it never strays far from water. It mostly feeds on invertebrates, among many types most often beetles, snails, shrimp, earthworms, and tadpoles, less often on amphibians and small fish, and least of all on aquatic plants. It has a hard, bony shell, but it is more flattened than that of a land-dwelling turtle and also slightly wider at the back. The length of the shell for the Mediterranean populations is around 15 cm. It has five quite visible toes with claws on the front legs, and four toes on the hind legs with webbing between.<\/p>\n The males and females can easily be distinguished, size being the first thing to be noted, as the females are larger than the males. As the animal grows, so do the scales, called scutes, which cover the carapace and plastron. They form growth zones, which can be used to determine the age of an individual by counting rings. Like the rings on a tree, they grow concentrically and spread from one corner. The amount of growth itself largely depends on the climatic conditions the turtle experienced. Hence, growth is slower in winter or periods of drought. In unfavourable seasons for growth, individual parts of the rings become thinner and darker, while they become broader in more favourable seasons. Other factors that affect the growth rate are the sex, habitat characteristics, diet type, and availability of food.<\/p>\n For laying eggs, the pond turtle chooses land areas with sandy substrates, rich in the necessary food and safe from predators. Emys orbicularis<\/em> exhibits temperature dependence for determination of the sex of the embryo, as eggs that are incubated at temperatures below 25\u00b0 C will develop male embryos, while those above 30\u00b0 C will develop female embryos. Pond turtles reach sexual maturity at six to eight years of age, when they grow to a length of about 12.5 cm. They are then considered fully developed adult individuals. This development is sensitive and depends on ecological and genetic factors, the availability of food, and quality of the habitat. The earliest record of the presence of pond turtles in the \u201cKerki\u201d (Krka River) near \u201cScardona\u201d is dated to 1780 (Chrisogno). Strogo za\u0161ti\u0107ena vrsta barska kornja\u010da (Emys orbicularis) nakon dugog izbivanja sigurno je uto\u010di\u0161te prona\u0161la podno najdulje europske sedrene barijere: potvr\u0111ena je stalna prisutnost odrasle i dviju mladih jedinki.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1721,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1720","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-novosti"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/npkrka.hr\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1720","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/npkrka.hr\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/npkrka.hr\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/npkrka.hr\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/npkrka.hr\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1720"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/npkrka.hr\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1720\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13888,"href":"https:\/\/npkrka.hr\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1720\/revisions\/13888"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/npkrka.hr\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1721"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/npkrka.hr\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1720"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/npkrka.hr\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1720"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/npkrka.hr\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1720"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![](\"https:\/\/npkrka.hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/Barska-kornjaca-E.-orbicularis-1-Skradinski-buk-10.9.2021..jpg\")
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\nThe magnificent Skradinski buk waterfall is once again home to European pond turtles<\/strong>
\nThe strictly protected species of European pond turtles (Emys orbicularis<\/em>) has again found a secure haven beneath the longest European travertine barrier after a long absence; a habitat has been confirmed of an adult with two young individuals.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>
\n[\/en]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"