{"id":1753,"date":"2021-10-05T12:18:12","date_gmt":"2021-10-05T10:18:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.npkrka.hr\/?p=1753"},"modified":"2025-12-02T13:01:26","modified_gmt":"2025-12-02T12:01:26","slug":"vidra-najvjestiji-plivac-medu-kopnenim-zivotinjama-siguran-i-stalan-dom-pronasla-u-np-krka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/npkrka.hr\/en_us\/2021\/10\/05\/vidra-najvjestiji-plivac-medu-kopnenim-zivotinjama-siguran-i-stalan-dom-pronasla-u-np-krka\/","title":{"rendered":"The best swimmer of the terrestrial animals \u2013 the otter \u2013 has found a safe and stable home at Krka National Park"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Na temelju visokog stupnja istra\u017eenosti, zahvaljuju\u0107i videonadzoru i otkrivenim fizi\u010dkim tragovima, potvr\u0111ena je prisutnost vidre na podru\u010dju Parka od Bilu\u0161i\u0107a buka do Skradina. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Od 13. do 15. rujna 2021. neinvazivnom metodom prikupljanja podataka pra\u0107ena je prisutnost vidre na podru\u010dju NP \u201eKrka\u201c. Potvr\u0111ena su dosada\u0161nja saznanja o njenoj prisutnosti du\u017e kanjona rijeke Krke, od Skradina do Bilu\u0161i\u0107a buka, i na sutoku Krke i \u010cikole. Vidra je u Republici Hrvatskoj strogo za\u0161ti\u0107ena vrsta. \u0160tite ju Konvencija o za\u0161titi europskih divljih vrsta i prirodnih stani\u0161ta (Bernska konvencija) i Direktiva o za\u0161titi prirodnih stani\u0161ta i divljih biljnih i \u017eivotinjskih vrsta. Ugro\u017eena je uglavnom zbog uni\u0161tavanja i fragmentacije povoljnih stani\u0161ta i one\u010di\u0161\u0107enja voda.<\/p>\n

O brojnosti vidre ne postoje to\u010dna saznanja. S obzirom da je ona ciljna vrsta ekolo\u0161ke mre\u017ee HR2000918 \u0160ire podru\u010dje NP Krka, podru\u010dja o\u010duvanja zna\u010dajnog za vrste i stani\u0161ne tipove, kao cilj je postavljeno o\u010duvanje 1 320 ha pogodnih stani\u0161ta potrebnih za odr\u017eavanje populacije vidre od najmanje dvadeset jedne do dvadeset tri jedinke na tom podru\u010dju. Stoga, uz redovito pra\u0107enje prisutnosti vidre, koje se provodi svakih \u0161est godina, JU \u201eNP Krka\u201c planira i genetsku analizu, koja je primarna i najpreciznija metoda za\u00a0 utvr\u0111ivanje veli\u010dine populacije vidre. Analizom DNK izoliranog iz dlake ili prikupljenog svje\u017eeg izmeta mogu se procijeniti veli\u010dina i struktura (mu\u017ejaci\/\u017eenke) populacije, areal obitavali\u0161ta, ra\u0161irenost i genetska raznolikost vidre.<\/p>\n

Vidra (Lutra lutra<\/em>) je zvijer iz porodice kuna. Prilago\u0111ena je \u017eivotu u vodi: njezino su stani\u0161te primarno slatke vode. Pod vodom je vrlo okretna jer je gra\u0111a njezina tijela prilago\u0111ena za plivanje i ronjenje. Tijelo joj je vitko, izdu\u017eeno, kratkih nogu i duga, jednoliko koni\u010dna repa. Tijelo odrasla mu\u017ejaka te\u0161kog desetak kilograma s repom je dugo od 100 do 135 cm. \u017denke su u pravilu manje: \u017eenka te\u0161ka oko sedam kilograma duga je od 90 do 125 cm.\u00a0 Vidra ima pliva\u0107u ko\u017eicu izme\u0111u svih pet prstiju na svim \u0161apama, mi\u0161i\u0107avi rep kao pomo\u0107 kod plivanja, \u201ebrkove\u201c osjetljive na dodir, odli\u010dan vid koji joj omogu\u0107ava lov pod vodom i debelo krzno koje joj \u010duva tjelesnu temperaturu. Krzno koje prekriva tijelo sme\u0111e je ili tamnosme\u0111e boje, sa svjetlijom trbu\u0161nom stranom, koja je sivkasta ili bijela. Glasa se jasnim tihim zvi\u017edukom, dahtanjem, skvi\u010danjem i re\u017eanjem. Vidre me\u0111usobno komuniciraju s pomo\u0107u mirisa.<\/p>\n

Vidra se u vodi mo\u017ee zadr\u017eati dugo, a plijen hvata o\u0161trim i sna\u017enim zubalom. Hrani se prije svega ribama, zatim rakovima, \u0161koljka\u0161ima, vodozemcima, pticama, malim sisavcima i drugim vodenim beskralje\u0161njacima. Dnevno u lovu provede nekoliko sati, a u potrazi za hranom prelazi velike udaljenosti. Odrasle vidre plivaju brzinom od 1,5 do 2 km na sat, od sedam do osam sati po lovnoj no\u0107i.<\/p>\n

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Vidra je uglavnom aktivna no\u0107u, dok preko dana le\u017ei u brlogu pod zemljom ili u skloni\u0161tu iznad zemlje. Na svom teritoriju treba do trideset sigurnih i za\u0161ti\u0107enih odmori\u0161ta, koje koristi u razli\u010dite svrhe, a najsigurnije i najnedostupnije koristi kao brloge za okot i podizanje mladih.<\/p>\n

Vidra je izrazito teritorijalna \u017eivotinja koja \u017eivi sama, osim tijekom sezone parenja i prve godine \u017eivota. Razlog usamljeni\u010dkom na\u010dinu \u017eivota le\u017ei u njenoj potrebi za velikim \u017eivotnim prostorom. Mu\u017ejaci postaju spolno zreli s osamnaest mjeseci, a \u017eenke s dvije godine. Gestacijski period traje dva mjeseca. Okot obi\u010dno broji od dva do tri mladunca. Stopa njihova mortaliteta je velika pa vidra u godini naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e podigne tek jedno mladun\u010de i za \u017eivota ima najvi\u0161e tri legla. Tijekom prvih \u0161est tjedana \u017eivota mladunci su potpuno bespomo\u0107ni i \u017eive samo od maj\u010dina mlijeka. Mu\u017ejaci ne sudjeluju u podizanju mladih. Mladunci nau\u010de plivati u dobi od dvanaest tjedana, kad im naraste krzno otporno na vodu. Nakon osam do devet mjeseci mlade se vidre na kratko vrijeme prvi put odvoje od majke, a potpuno samostalne postanu s dvanaest mjeseci.<\/p>\n

Vidre su grabe\u017eljivci koji se nalaze na samom vrhu hranidbene piramide te pridonose uspostavi ekolo\u0161ke ravnote\u017ee u vodenim ekosustavima. Za naseljavanje nekog podru\u010dja vidri je dostupnost plijena \u010desto va\u017enija od povr\u0161ine stani\u0161ta. Srednja vrijednost gusto\u0107e vidri iznosi jednu jedinku na 15 km toka. Prirodni neprijatelji su joj sve zvijeri ve\u0107e od nje. \u017divotni joj je vijek u divljini kratak, prosje\u010dno od tri do \u010detiri godine, pa rijetko do\u017eivi vi\u0161e od deset godina, dok u kontroliranim uvjetima u zato\u010deni\u0161tvu \u017eivi i petnaestak godina.<\/p>\n

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[en]
\nThe best swimmer of the terrestrial animals \u2013 the otter \u2013 has found a safe and stable home at Krka National Park<\/strong>
\nDue to the broad research conducted to date, and thanks to video surveillance and the detection of physical tracks, the presence of otter in the Park has been confirmed from Bilu\u0161i\u0107a buk to Skradin<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

From 13 to 15 September 2021, non-invasive data collection methods were implemented to monitor the presence of otter in the territory of Krka National Park. The current knowledge of its presence throughout the Krka River canyon, from Skradin to Bilu\u0161i\u0107 buk, and at the confluence of the Krka and \u010cikola Rivers was confirmed. In Croatia, otter is a strictly protected species, protected under the Convention on the protection of European wild taxa and natural habitats (Bern Convention) and the Directive on the protection of natural habitats and wild plant and animal species. It is threatened primarily due to the destruction and fragmentation of suitable habitats and water pollution.<\/p>\n

There is no precise knowledge on the abundance of otter in Croatia. It is a target species of the Natura 2000 ecological network, HR2000918 Broader area of Krka National Park, as a significant conservation area for species and habitat types. The goal has been set to conserve 1320 ha of suitable habitat needed to retain an otter population of at least 21 to 23 individuals in that area. Along with regular monitoring of otter presence, conducted once every six years, the Public Institute of Krka National Park is also planning to conduct genetic analysis as the primary and most precise method to determine the population size. Analysing DNA isolated from hair or freshly collected faeces can be used to determine the population size and structure (male\/female), the inhabitation range, distribution and the genetic diversity within this otter population.<\/p>\n

Otter (Lutra lutra<\/em>) is a carnivore in the weasel family. It is adapted for an aquatic life and its habitats are primarily freshwater. It is an agile swimming since its body structure is adapted for swimming and diving. The body is slender, elongated, with short arms and legs, and a uniform cylindrical tail. The adult male weighs about 10 kilograms and is from 100 to 135 cm long. Females are smaller, weighing about 7 kg and 90 to 125 cm long. The webbed feet and power tail make it a strong swimmer, the \u201cwhiskers\u201d are sensitive to touch, and its strong sense of sight enables it to hunt underwater. The thick fur, brown to dark brown with a lighter belly that is grey to white, maintains its body temperature. The otter call is a clear but quiet whistle, and it also squeaks and growls. Communication between otters is by smell.<\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

Otters can remain in water for a long time, and they use their sharp, strong teeth to catch prey. They feed primarily on fish, crustaceans, bivalves, amphibians, birds, small mammals and aquatic invertebrates. They spend several hours a day hunting, and can cover great distances in search of food. Adults can swim 1.5 to 2 km per hour, and can spend seven to eight hours hunting at night.<\/p>\n

The otter is mostly nocturnal, spending the day in its den underground or in another aboveground shelter. In its territory, it uses up to 30 safe and secure resting areas that it uses for various purposes, and the most secure and least accessible is used as a den for raising its young.<\/p>\n

It is a highly territorial animal that lives alone, except during mating season and the first year of life. This solitary life is due to its strong need for a large living space. Males become sexually mature at 18 months, females at 2 years. The gestation period is 2 months, and the female usually gives birth to two to three young. The mortality rate among young is high, and the female usually raises just one young per year, and has three litters at most during her life.\u00a0 During the first six weeks of life, the young are completely helpless and live just off of mother\u2019s milk. Males do not participate in raising the young. The young otters learn to swim at an age of 12 weeks, once their thick water-resistant fur has grown. After 8 to 9 months, the young otters first start to separate from their mother, and are completely independent after one year.<\/p>\n

Otters are predators at the very top of the food web, and they contribute to establishing ecological balance in aquatic ecosystems. Often, the available of prey is even more important than the size of the habitats for otter colonisation. A moderate density of otter is when there is one individual on 15 km of river. All predators larger than the otter are its natural enemies. Its lifespan in the wild is short, from three to four years, and rarely it can live up to 10 years, while it can live up to 15 years in captivity.
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Due to the broad research conducted to date, and thanks to video surveillance and the detection of physical tracks, the presence of otter in the Park has been confirmed from Bilu\u0161i\u0107a buk to Skradin.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1760,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1753","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-novosti"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/npkrka.hr\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1753","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/npkrka.hr\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/npkrka.hr\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/npkrka.hr\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/npkrka.hr\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1753"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/npkrka.hr\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1753\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13891,"href":"https:\/\/npkrka.hr\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1753\/revisions\/13891"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/npkrka.hr\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1760"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/npkrka.hr\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1753"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/npkrka.hr\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1753"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/npkrka.hr\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1753"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}