{"id":971,"date":"2022-07-02T12:39:46","date_gmt":"2022-07-02T10:39:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.npkrka.hr\/?page_id=971"},"modified":"2022-09-27T12:38:33","modified_gmt":"2022-09-27T10:38:33","slug":"rimski-vojni-logor-burnum","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/npkrka.hr\/en_us\/kulturna-bastina\/arheologija\/rimski-vojni-logor-burnum\/","title":{"rendered":"The Roman military camp of Burnum"},"content":{"rendered":"

The remains of the Roman military camp of Burnum, located in the area of the present-day village of Ivo\u0161evci, bear witness to the size and force of Roman military power. It was built at the beginning of the 1st century, and the remains of the arches that belonged to the basilica (court) are visible today, as well as the well-preserved amphitheatre and military training grounds.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Even in the prehistoric period, Burnum was a prominent centre in the border region of the Liburnians and the belligerent Delmatae, and its importance is recorded in the writings of the Roman author Pliny the Elder, who cited it as a fortress known for battles in his famous work Naturalis Historia (in hoc tractu sunt Burnum, Andetrium, Tribulium, nobilitata proeliis castella).<\/p>\n

The Burnum agglomeration consists of several components: a Roman legionary camp with its accompanying territory, an auxiliary fortification, a municipium that developed from a canabae (civilian settlement), and a settlement of the Liburnian Burnistae (at Gradina in Puljane). The Roman military camp of Burnum oversaw the crossings of the Krka River from Bobodol to Manojlovac, and controlled the flow of people and goods along the Liburnian-Delmataean border. Additionally, it insured a secure hinterland for military units, and controlled key routes, while its position enabled easy penetration into potentially unfriendly areas. The funerary inscriptions of the veterans suggest that the southern boundary of the legionary territory was located in the area of the Ro\u0161ki slap waterfall, where the ex-soldiers received estates, additionally strengthening the Roman elements in this region. With the establishment of the military centre at Burnum, the Liburnian settlement of Scardona, located at the site of the present-day Skradin, also acquired great significance, becoming the main naval harbor used to supply the Roman army stationed at Burnum.<\/p>\n

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Na podru\u010dju Burnuma vjerojatno je ve\u0107 u 1. stolje\u0107u prije Krista postojao vojni punkt koji je bio polazi\u0161te za pohode protiv ratobornih Delmata. Mo\u017ee se pretpostaviti da je uspostavljen ve\u0107 za Oktavijanovih pohoda 35. \u2013 33. godine prije Krista. U Burnumu su u razli\u010dito vrijeme bile stacionirane ukupno \u010detiri legije: XX. legija Valeria Victrix<\/em> (kraj 1. st. pr. Kr. \u2013 10.), XI. legija Claudia Pia Fidelis<\/em> (10. \u2013 69.), IIII. legija Flavia Felix<\/em> (69.\/70. \u2013 86.) i VIII. legija Augusta <\/em>(86. \u2013 kraj 1. stolje\u0107a). Tako\u0111er, zabilje\u017eena je prisutnost \u010detiriju pomo\u0107nih postrojbi koje su boravile u auksilijarnim logorima: Ala I Hispanorum<\/em>, Cohors II Cyrrhestarum sagittaria<\/em>, Cohors III Alpinorum <\/em>and Cohors<\/em> I Montanorum civium Romanorum<\/em>.<\/p>\n

O boravku XX. legije za sada svjedo\u010di samo jedan nadgrobni spomenik. Pretpostavlja se da je u Burnum do\u0161la, iz rimske provincije Hispanije, oko 20. godine pr. Kr. Bila je stacionirana u zimskom logoru u Akvileji, dok je Burnum kori\u0161ten kao ljetni logor. Nakon uspje\u0161nog gu\u0161enja velikog delmatsko-panonskog ustanka (Bellum Batonianum<\/em>), XX. legija oti\u0161la je iz Dalmacije, a u Burnum je do\u0161la XI. legija, koja se najdu\u017ee zadr\u017eala na ovim prostorima. Legionari te postrojbe po\u010deli su gradnju trajnog vojnog logora s pripadaju\u0107im akveduktom i cestama u vrijeme kada je du\u017enost namjesnika provincije Dalmacije obna\u0161ao Publije Kornelije Dolabela (14. \u2013 20.), a kao krajnji datum kad je gradnja zavr\u0161ena uzima se 17. godina, kada je car Tiberije svog sina i prijestolonasljednika Druza Julija Cezara poslao u Burnum da bi stekao naklonost vojske. Tada je logor u Burnumu, po svoj prilici, morao biti dovr\u0161en. Obnova logora i gradnja amfiteatra smje\u0161taju se u razdoblje nakon 42. godine, za vladavine cara Klaudija. Boravak XI. legije u Burnumu zavr\u0161io je kad je na vlast do\u0161ao Vespazijan, koji je nakon gra\u0111anskog rata u Italiji odlu\u010dio da se u Burnumu stacionira IIII. legija Flavia Felix<\/em>, koja u svom imenu nosi carev gentilicij. Nakon IIII. legije u Burnumu je kratko boravilo odjeljenje VIII. legije Augustae<\/em>. Pretpostavlja se da je Burnum ve\u0107 tada dobio civilne sadr\u017eaje.<\/p>\n

Status municipija, tj. grada s vlastitom upravom, Burnum je dobio vjerojatno neposredno nakon odlaska IIII. legije, a najkasnije za cara Hadrijana, o \u010demu svjedo\u010de natpisi iz tog vremena. Nekada\u0161nji principij (zgrada vojnog sto\u017eera) s forumom i adjacencijama postao je sredi\u0161te civilnog naselja, a svi vojni objekti prenamijenjeni su u civilne. Burnum se posljednji put spominje 536.\/537. godine za bizantsko-gotskih ratova, kada je Dalmacija dola\u0161la pod vlast Ostrogota, koji su se nakratko utaborili u Burnumu. Pretpostavlja se da je nedugo nakon toga zauvijek napu\u0161ten.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The remains of the Roman military camp of Burnum, located in the area of the present-day village of Ivo\u0161evci, bear witness to the size and force of Roman military power. It was built at the beginning of the 1st century, and the remains of the arches that belonged to the basilica (court) are visible today, as well as the well-preserved amphitheatre and military training grounds.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2135,"parent":180,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-971","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/npkrka.hr\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/971","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/npkrka.hr\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/npkrka.hr\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/npkrka.hr\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/npkrka.hr\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=971"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/npkrka.hr\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/971\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/npkrka.hr\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/180"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/npkrka.hr\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2135"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/npkrka.hr\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=971"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}